🔼VERB + GERUND/INFINITIVE🔽

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➔ Function:

The gerund and the infinitive are forms of the verbs that act as names. The gerund is formed with "-ing" (walking, eating, etc.). As we have seen in the lesson on verbs, the infinitive is formed with the preposition "to" (to walk, to eat, etc.).



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➔ Grammar:
Grammatical Rules. When a verb follows another verb, we always need to use the infinitive or the gerund. Normally we use the infinitive after some verbs and the gerund after others. There are also verbs with which we can use the gerund or the infinitive.


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➔ Structure: 

	EJEMPLOS	OTROS VERBOS
Verbo+gerundio	1.- Isobel usually avoids driving downtown. 2.- I finished reading that novel.	Admit, avoid, deny, dislike, finish.
Verbo+infinitivo	1.- Did you manage to find the song on the internet? 2.- We offered to make some coffe for them.	Agree, help, invite, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, seem.
Verbo+gerundio/infinitivo	1.- I like going out. 2.- I like go out every now and then.	Hate, like, love, prefer.

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➔ Examples:

Here are some of the most common verbs that are usually followed by the gerund.

1.- Enjoy: I enjoyed living in France.

2.- Fancy: I fancy seeing a film tonight.

3.- Discuss: We discussed going on holiday together.

4.- Dislike: I dislike waiting for buses.

5.- Finish: We've finished preparing for the meeting.

6.- Mind: I don't mind coming early.

7.- Suggest: He suggested staying at the Grand Hotel.

8.- Recommend: They recommended meeting earlier.

9.- Keep: He kept working, although he felt ill.

10.- Avoid: She avoided talking to her boss.

And here are some common verbs followed by 'to' and the infinitive.

1.- Agree: She agreed to give a presentation at the meeting.

2.- Ask*: I asked to leave early / I asked him to leave early.

3.- Decide: We decided to go out for dinner.

4.- Help*: He helped to clean the kitchen / he helped his flatmate to clean the kitchen.

5.- Plan: She plans to buy a new flat next year.

6.- Hope: I hope to pass the exam.

7.- Learn: They are learning to sing.

8.- Want*: I want to come to the party / I want him to come to the party.

9.- Would like*: I would like to see her tonight / I would like you to see her tonight.

10.- Promise: We promised not to be late

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➔ Exercices:

Complete the sentences with the verb in the parentheses in the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

    1. He admitted _________ (copy) the story from another book.

    2. Have you finished _________ (read) that book I read you yet?

    3. I thought the story seemed _________ (end) suddenly.

   4. Traditional stories sometimes teach people _________ (behave) in the right way.

    5. Why do so many young people dislike __________ (write)?

    6. I hope _________ (become) a full-time writer by the time I'm 30.

    7. My parents advised my sister ________ (take) that job.

    8. I want to avoid _________ full-time for as long as possible.

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🔼RELATIVE CLAUSES🔽

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➔ Function: 

Relatives clauses are phrases that are attached to a main clause and serve to give information about a person, object or place that was previously mentioned in the main clause.

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➔ Grammar:

In grammar these are: who, which, where, where, whom, whose, where, when, why.

Relative pronouns or adverbs refer to the person, object or place of the main sentence (what is known as antecedent) and replace it.

Relative clauses	Significado	Información
Who	¿Quién?	Personas
Where	¿Donde?	Lugares
When	¿Cuando?	Momentos/Tiempo
Which/That	¿Cual/Que?	Cosas y/o objetos

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➔ Structure: 

The relative clauses are equivalent to adjectival subordinate clauses and, therefore, we must differentiate between:

1. Adjective subordinate clauses (defining relative clauses)

2. Explanatory adjectival subordinate clauses (non-defining relative clauses)

Relative clauses:	Examples:
Who	I thanked the person who found my wallet this morning on the subway.
Where	The best time to call him is when the finishes his meeting at 10:30 a.m.
When	The Blue Lounge was place where I used to meet my friends.
Which/That	I think it was a trip to Paris that made me want to learn French.

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➔ Examples:  

1.- I like the woman who lives next door.

(If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean).

2.- Live in London, which has some fantastic parks.

(Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has some fantastic parks' is extra information).

3.- Do you know the girl who started in grade 7 last week?

4.-Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning?

5.-A notebook is a computer which can be carried around.

6.-I want to live in a place where there is lots to do.

7.-Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong

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➔ Exercices:

Complete the following sentences with: which / that, who, when or where.

     1.- A web designer is a person _____ can make your website look more professional.

     2.- It's a technique ______ helps you learn more effectively.

     3.- A good time to do brain training is _____ you feel relaxed.

     4.- It was my brother ______ used to take us swimming every Sunday.

     5.- We got married at place _____ we first met.

     6.- I'm going to choose a course _____ I'm really interested.

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