🔼WAS/ WERE GOING TO - WAS/WERE SUPPOSED TO🔽

Function:

1. We use going to in the past to talk about plans and intentions that didn’t happened.
2. We use supposed to in the past to talk about things we were expected to do that we didn’t do. 

Form:

Was/were going to + base form	-Was going to pay for them. -I was going to see what they looked like in daylight.
Was/were supposed to + base form	-You were supposed to for them before you left the store.

➽ 1.- Was/ were going to + base form: 

It is formed with the verb 'to be' in the past, followed by 'going to' and then the main verb

AFFIRMATIVE: To form the affirmative we put the corresponding form of the verb 'to be' accompanied by 'going to' and a verb.

Sujeto + was/were + going to + verbo + resto de frase.

They + were + going  to + dance in a party. (Ellas iban a bailar en una fiesta).

Examples:

1. I was going to see you tomorrow. (Yo iba a verte mañana)
2. He was going to visit her next week. (Él la iba a visitar la siguiente semana)
   
3. They were going to eat out tonight. (Ellos iban a comer fuera esta noche)
   
4. She was going to leave for Europe on Monday. (Ella iba a partir a Europa el lunes)
5. She was going to wait me after the show. (Ella iba a esperarme después del espectáculo)

➽ 2.- Was/ were supposed to + base form:

 

We will use was / were supposed to talk about things that we agreed to do, or that people expect us to do, but we did not.

Examples: 

1. He is supposed to take his dance lesson at seven o’clock. (Se supone que él toma su clase de baile a las siete en punto)
   
2. They were supposed to bring the books with them. (Se supone que ellos traen los libros con ellos)
   
3. He is supposed to arrive tomorrow. (Se supone que él llega mañana)
4. You are supposed to be here after four o’clock. (Se supone que tú estás aquí después de las cuatro en punto)
5. We are supposed to send them a letter. (Se supone que nosotros les enviamos una carta)

Exercices:

Complete the sentences with was / were going to / was / were supposed to.

1. I was standing in line and I _____________ buy the Inception DVD, but I decided to put it down because I needed to save money.

   2.  I don't _____________________________ you could lend me some money, could you?

  3. I am not _____________________________ smoke here.This is a place for children.

   4.  _____________________________ you won the lottery, what would you buy?

  5.  I _____________________________ it will snow. Don't go out without a warm jacket.

🔼SHOULD/ SHOULDN´T HAVE🔽

_____________________________________________

Function: 

We use the perfect modal should / shouldn`t have to criticize or express regret about things that people did or didn`t do in the past.

Structure:

Should have + Past participle	I / he / She / We / you / they should have gone to the doctor.
Shouldn`t have + Past participle	I / he / She / We / you / they shouldn`t have been rude to the store assistant.

➽ SHOULD HAVE 1: Should have + past participle. 

1. We can use 'should have' to talk about past events that did not happen.
2. We can also use 'should have' to speculate about events that may or may not have happened.

Grammar:

It may mean something that would have been a good idea, but that you did not. It's like giving advice about the past when you tell someone else, or regretting what you did or did not do when you're talking about you.

Examples: 

1. She should have taken the children with her to Houston. (Ella debería haber llevado a los niños con ella a Houston)
   
2. He should have lent us the money which we need. (Él debería habernos prestado el dinero que necesitamos)
   
3. She should have been back by noon. (Ella debería haber regresado para mediodía)
4. She should have returned later. (Ella debería haber regresado más tarde)
5. You should have learnt at least five new words every day. (Tú deberías haber aprendido al menos cinco palabras cada día)

➽ SHOULDN'T HAVE 2: Shouldn't have + past participle. 

It means that something was not a good idea, but you did it anyway.

Grammar:

1. We can use 'shouldn't have' to speculate negatively on what may or may not have happened.
2. We can also use 'shouldn't have' to regret past actions.

Examples: 

1. You should not go by plane. (Tú no deberías ir en avión)
2. He should not save some money each week. (Él no debería ahorrar algo de dinero cada semana)
3. He should not pay more attention to what the teacher says. (Él no debería poner más atención a lo que dice el maestro)
   
4. It should not rain this evening. (No debería llover esta tarde)
   
5. We should not ask permission before doing it. (Nosotros no deberíamos pedir permiso antes de hacerlo)

➽ Exercices:

 Read these prayers of repentance and write the correct past participle verb:

• 1) I should have (buy) more water.
• 2) You should have (listen) to me.
• 3) I should not have (forget) my passport.
• 4) He should have (wear) a tie to the restaurant.
• 5) I should not have (eat) so much.
• 6) We should not have (drive) during the storm.
• 7) You should not have (hide) your sister's phone.
• 8) I should have (do) more research.
• 9) She should not have (drink) so much wine.
• 10) I should have (write) more.

For more information check the video link to clarify your doubts about the subject, thank you.

🔼RELATIVE CLAUSES 

(DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING)🔽

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

➔ Function:

The defining relative clauses give us additional information about a noun. It can not be eliminated from the sentence without affecting the basic meaning.

As its name suggests, the "defining relative clauses" offer essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about.

The "defining relative clauses" are composed of a relative pronoun (sometimes omitted), a verb and other optional elements, such as the subject or object of the verb. Commas are not used to separate the specific relative proposal from the rest of the sentence. Commas or parentheses are used to delimit another type of relative clauses, the explanatory or "non-defining relative clauses".

➔ Grammar:

Defining relative clauses:
It does not need commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence.	.- The movie which/that we saw last week was directed by Martin Scorsese. .- The director who/that won the award not at the ceremony. .- We stayed in the place where we had our honeymoon.
It goes after the name they refer to.
You can use which / that to refer to things. You can use who / that to refer to people. You can use where to refer to places.
Subject and object relative clauses:
A noun can be the subject or object of a relative defining clause.	The actress who wore the exquisite at the end of the movie is a model. (subject)
When the noun is the object of the relative clause, the relative pronoun can be omitted.	The dress (that/which) the actress wore at the end of the movie is exquisite. (object)

➔ Structure:

	Person	Thing	Place	Time	Reason
Subject	Who/That	Which/That	-
Object	Who/That	Which/That	Where	When	Why
Possession	Whose	Whose	-

➔ Examples: 

1.- Children who hate chocolate are uncommon.

2.- They live in a house whose roof is full of holes.

3.- An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.

4.- Let's go to a country where the sun always shines.

5.- The reason why I came here today is not important

➔ Exercices:

Read the sentences. Underline the relative relative clause and place an X next to the sentences where the relative pronoun can be left.

1. - The song which plays at the end of the movie has been a big hit this summer.

2. - Look! He's the actor who I was telling you about.

3. - The company that sold me the car has gone bankrupt.

4. - The Australian dancer who got the part is unknown in her home country.

5. - I recognized the famous landmarks which the director used in several scenes.

6. - Do you remember the woman who promised to invite us to the party?

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

➔ Function:

A non-defining relative clause gives us additional information about a noun.

The relative clause could be removed from the sentence without affecting the basic meaning.

Sometimes it can be used to refer to places.

The "non-defining relative clauses" are composed of a relative pronoun, a verb and other optional elements, such as the subject or object of the verb. Commas or parentheses are always used to delimit non-specific relative clauses and separate them from the rest of the main clause.

➔ Grammar:

Non-defining relative clauses:
They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.        It can only come after the noun to which they refer.	The Charleston museum, which is the oldest museum in the U.S., was built in 1773.
You can only use who refers to people, and what places and things refer to.      Sometimes it can be used to refer to places.	Daniel Radcliffe, who played Harry Potter, now acts in the theater. The college, which specializes in languages, is near New York City. Seattle, where my parents live, is a very beautiful place.

➔ Structure:

	Person	Thing	Place
Subject	Who	Which	-
Object	Who	Which	Where
Possession	Whose	-	-

➔ Examples:

1.- John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.

2.- My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel.

3.- My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England.

4.- We stopped at the museum, which we had never visited before.

5.- I've just come back from London, where John lives.

6.- Yesterday I met a woman named Susan, whose husband works in London.

➔ Exercices:

Write sentences with relative clauses not defined, using the given information.

1. - The Paris Opera Ballet is the oldest ballet company in the world. It was founded in 1669.

The Paris Opera Ballet, which was founded in 1669, is the oldest ballet company in the world.

2. – Harry Houdini was born in 1874 in Budapest. He was a famous magician.

______________________________________________________________

3. – Swan Lake was based on Russian folktales. It was written by Tchaikovsky.

______________________________________________________________

4. – The Sydney Opera House was designed by Jorn Utzon. It opened in 1973.

______________________________________________________________

5. - The first opera was called Dafne. It was performed in 1598.

______________________________________________________________

For more information check the video link to clarify your doubts about the subject, thank you.